Reflecting on Chapter 10, the models listed on the table in Meleis (Table 10-1, p. 177), and the module on Nurse Scholars in Theory Evaluation for Week 6, succinctly evaluate the theory you have selected to present. Include four paragraphs with the following headings: Theory Description, Analysis, Evaluation, and Development.

Theory Evaluation: Self-Transcendence Description Pamela Reed’s Theory of Self-Transcendence was developed to help nurses promote the well-being of patients and the RN during difficult times presented in their lifespan. Reed’s theory has origins in developmental theory, specifically how humans interact in the environment and the processes that affect a person’s health. Interest in how humans transcend or surpass, difficult times in their development regarding their health – physical and mental, and relationships, is how Reed’s theory came about. Development of this theory had influences from philosophical perspectives and empirical evidence provided in the life-span movement of the 1970s that suggested developmental change happens throughout the lifespan, not limited to childhood and adolescence. The scope of this theory goes beyond populations of older adults and reaches all ages of people who may experience vulnerability. (Liehr & Smith, 2018) Analysis Reed also takes influence from nursing theorist Martha Rogers’ ideas of pandimensionality, which refers to the different angles of humans existing in their environments,

and their ability to expand on personal boundaries. Her own nursing experiences as a clinical nurse specialist and applying developmental theories to her practice in adolescent mental health practice also helped Reed to develop her theory. The concept of Reed’s theory comes from two major assumptions. The first is that patients are vital to their environment and are pandimensional and the second is that self-transcendence is of vital importance to a human’s development. The main concept is self-transcendence, as Reed (1991) defines it as the "expansion of self-conceptual boundaries multidimensionally: inwardly (e.g., through introspective experiences), outwardly (e.g., by reaching out to others.), and temporally (whereby